Research & Publications
The peer-reviewed evidence base behind the EASy POCUS protocol — methods, validation studies, book chapters, and conference presentations on subxiphoid echocardiography and hemodynamic phenotyping.
peer-reviewed publications
book chapters
invited lectures & presentations
continents taught on
Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients
Howell-Clark J, Bronshteyn YS, Pustavoitau A, Convissar DL, Bughrara N
Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) · 2025 Apr 18
The peer-reviewed methods paper defining the EASy (Echocardiographic Assessment using Subxiphoid-only) examination — the foundation of the EASy POCUS protocol suite for rapid hemodynamic assessment of hypotensive patients.
Peer-Reviewed Publications
PeRLS for procedural sedation: A specialized resuscitation framework enhanced by EASy-ALS ultrasound integration
Bughrara NF, Gaylor R, Hsu W, Santino C, Shembesh M, Pustavoitau A
Integrating Rapid Cardiopulmonary and Gastric Ultrasound for Emergency Airway Management in Critically Ill Patients
Bughrara N, Tso MS, Weigand ME, Patel DH, Benismail A, Rubin A, Pustavoitau A, Karamchandani K
Mistaken Identity: Misidentification of Other Vascular Structures as the Inferior Vena Cava and How to Avoid It
Zimmerman J, Morrissey C, Bughrara N, Bronshteyn YS
Is 1 Day of Focused Training in Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only (EASy) Examination Enough? A Tertiary Hospital Response to COVID-19
Bughrara N, Neilson MR, Jones S, Workman L, Chopra A, Pustavoitau A
An Echocardiographic Approach for the Management of Shock: The STARS-CRASH Protocol
Nikravan S, Bughrara N, Klick J, Lanspa MJ, Rapoport L, Díaz-Gomez J
Assessment of Cardiopulmonary Point-of-Care Ultrasound OSCEs in Graduating Anesthesiology Residents Across Multiple Residency Programs
Shen J, Singh M, Tran TT, Bughrara NF, et al.
Artificial Intelligence Integration in Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Hoenig B, Bughrara N
Role of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Emergency Airway Management Outside the Operating Room
Khorsand S, Chin J, Rice J, Bughrara N, Myatra SN, Karamchandani K
Barriers to Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Training: A Survey of Anesthesiology Program Directors
Pustavoitau A, Miller D, Jung YH, Sahu K, Giammarino A, Fitz N, Gottschalk A, Hoenig B, Bughrara N
POCUS Spotlight: Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Bughrara N, Panzer O, Pustavoitau A
In Reply: The Value of Subcostal Echocardiographic Assessment and Directions for Future Research
Bughrara N, Pustavoitau A, Diaz-Gomez JL
Comparison of Qualitative Information Obtained with the Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subcostal-Only View and Focused Transthoracic Echocardiography: A Prospective Observational Study
Bughrara N, Renew JR, Alabre K, Schulman-Marcus J, Sirigaddi K, Pustavoitau A, Lesser ER, Diaz-Gomez JL
Macrocirculation and Microcirculation in Septic Shock
Furst B, Bughrara N, Musuku SR
Focused Cardiac Ultrasound and the Periresuscitative Period: A Case Series of Resident-Performed Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subcostal-Only View in Advanced Life Support
Bughrara N, Herrick SL, Leimer E, Sirigaddi K, Roberts K, Pustavoitau A
Focused Ultrasonography for Septic Shock Resuscitation
Nikravan S, Song P, Bughrara N, Díaz-Gómez JL
Anesthesia for the Patient in Septic Shock (Part 1): Systematic Approach
Bughrara N, Safa R, Cha S, Pustavoitau A
Anesthesia for the Patient in Septic Shock (Part 2): Ultrasound Support for Resuscitation
Bughrara N, Diaz-Gomez JL, Pustavoitau A
Book Chapters
Cardiac Arrest: Focused Echocardiographic Evaluation in Life Support
Bughrara N, Cha S, Hsu W, Pustavoitau A
Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subcostal Window Only (EASy)
Bughrara N, Elfergani A, Pustavoitau A
Artificial Intelligence Tools to Optimize Hemodynamics in the ICU
Mathur P, Bughrara N, Hoenig B, Khanna A
Differentiating Shock: Various Protocols (FATE, FEEL, FEER, FAST)
Bughrara N, Cha S, Safa R, Pustavoitau A
Cardiac Arrest: Focused Echocardiographic Evaluation in Life Support
Bughrara N, Cha S, Pustavoitau A
Conference Presentations
Selected invited lectures and presentations at national and international meetings. Dr. Bughrara has delivered 90+ invited lectures, grand rounds, and conference presentations across North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.
POCUS in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage — Precision Monitoring in SAH Management
2026 Critical Care Congress, Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM)
Chicago, Illinois
Rapid Screening for Right Ventricular Dysfunction Using a Systematic Qualitative POCUS Exam
2026 Critical Care Congress, SCCM
Chicago, Illinois
Beyond the Code: EASy POCUS Techniques for ACLS Success
2026 Critical Care Congress, SCCM (Digital Session)
Chicago, Illinois
The Role of POCUS in the Management of Medical Emergencies — EASy-PDA for Peri-Intubation
Continue the Conversation Video Learning Series, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)
Virtual
Live Demonstration — Cardiac Views
17th Asian Australian Congress of Anaesthesiologists (AACA) 2026
Bangkok, Thailand
Panel: POCUS Across the Perioperative Spectrum — The Role of POCUS in Cardiac Arrest
17th Asian Australian Congress of Anaesthesiologists (AACA) 2026
Bangkok, Thailand
POCUS in the Physiologically Difficult Airway
5th International POCUS Bangkok, Mahidol University
Bangkok, Thailand
Incorporating POCUS in Cardiac Arrest: The EASy-ALS Protocol — Inaugurating Panel
50th Annual Regional Anesthesiology & Acute Pain Medicine Meeting (ASRA)
Orlando, Florida
Easy POCUS Techniques for ACLS Mastery (PBLD-13)
50th Annual ASRA Meeting
Orlando, Florida
Innovative Approaches to POCUS Training — Learn It the EASy Way
2025 IARS & SOCCA Annual Meeting
Honolulu, Hawaii
Emergency Airway Management Outside the OR — Optimizing Hemodynamics: Is It All Hocus POCUS?
2025 IARS & SOCCA Annual Meeting
Honolulu, Hawaii
FOCUSED Approach to Resuscitation of Septic Patients with Chronic Cardiac Disease
2025 Critical Care Congress, SCCM
Orlando, Florida
Ultrasound Support for Resuscitation in Sepsis and Septic Shock: The EASy Phenotypes
Harvard / Mayo Clinic Critical Care Echocardiography Consortium
Virtual
From Beats to EASy: Mastering Subcostal Cardiac Ultrasound (Panel P-18)
Postgraduate Assembly in Anesthesiology PGA78
New York, New York
POCUS Uprising: Embracing Devices and AI in Modern Medicine (Moderator)
Postgraduate Assembly in Anesthesiology PGA78
New York, New York
The Physiologically Difficult Airway — Implementing EASy POCUS
9th Annual International Anesthesia and Critical Care Conference
Misrata, Libya
POCUS Uprising — Embracing Handheld Devices and AI in Modern Medicine
39th African Francophone International Anesthesiology Conference
Tunis, Tunisia
Mastering the Subcostal Cardiac View
4th Annual International Anesthesia and Acute Care Conference
Abu Dhabi, UAE
The EASy Hemodynamic Phenotypes in Sepsis and Septic Shock
Critical Care Ultrasound & Echocardiography Summit, Utah Thoracic Society
Snowbird, Utah
Be FOCUSED: Ultrasound Support for Resuscitation in Sepsis and Septic Shock
2024 Critical Care Congress, SCCM
Phoenix, Arizona
Isn't Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Hard to Learn? Not If You Learn It the EASy Way! (Panel-16)
Postgraduate Assembly in Anesthesiology PGA77
New York, New York
Subcostal Cardiac Imaging and IVC Assessment
Advanced Perioperative POCUS Course, ASRA
San Francisco, California
The EASy Hemodynamic Phenotypes in Sepsis and Septic Shock
3rd Annual International Anesthesia and Acute Care Conference
Abu Dhabi, UAE
A Pathway to POCUS Quality Assurance (Moderator & Presenter)
2023 Critical Care Congress, SCCM
San Francisco, California
POCUS in Cardiac Arrest — International Grand Rounds
Semmelweis University, Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy
Budapest, Hungary
Why the Generalist Should Learn POCUS — The Cardiac Patient Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery (Panel-29)
Postgraduate Assembly in Anesthesiology PGA76
New York, New York
Establishing a Perioperative POCUS Service and Billing
ASA Anesthesiology Annual Meeting
New Orleans, Louisiana
Addition of Standardized Focused Critical Care Echocardiography to Fellowship Training: A Multi-Center Prospective Study (Oral Presentation)
SOCCA 2021 Annual Meeting
Virtual
Focused Echocardiography During Advanced Cardiac Life Support
Introduction to Perioperative POCUS Course, ASRA
Chicago, Illinois
Ventricular Size and Function Assessment — Cardiac Applications of POCUS Workshop
17th International Symposium for Ultrasound in Regional Anesthesia (ISURA)
Manila, Philippines
Lung Ultrasound — Non-Cardiac Applications of POCUS Workshop
17th International Symposium for Ultrasound in Regional Anesthesia (ISURA)
Manila, Philippines
About EASy POCUS Research
The EASy POCUS platform is built on peer-reviewed research and validation studies demonstrating the clinical utility of subxiphoid echocardiography and hemodynamic phenotyping in critical care. For research collaborations and ongoing studies, please visit the contact page.